Narration | Direct speech to Indirect Speech | Changing Speech
Sentence চেনার উপায়:
- Subject + Verb থাকলে assertive Sentence হয়।
- প্রথমে verb থাকলে Imperative Sentence হয়।
- প্রথমে May থাকলে Optative Sentence হয়।
- শেষে “?” এই চিহ্ন থাকলে Interrogative Sentence হয়।
- শেষে “!” এই চিহ্ন থাকলে Exclamatory Sentence হয়।
Person পরিবতন:
| Subject | Object | Possessive |
| I | Me | My, mine |
| He | Him | his |
| She | Her | her |
| You | You | your |
| They | Them | their |
| We | Us | our |
| It | It | It’s |
| Salam | Salam | Salam’s |
Tense পরিবর্তন:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Present Tense | Past Tense |
| V1 | V2 |
| Do/ Does | Did |
| Am/is/are | Was/were |
| Have/has | had |
| Have/ has + Been | Had + Been |
| V2 | Had + V3 |
| Was/were | Had been |
| Had | Had |
| Can | could |
| May | Might |
| Will | would |
| Need | needed |
| Could, might, would, needed | Could, might, would, needed |
Read More: Simple Complex & Compound
Words পরিবর্তন:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| This | That |
| These | Those |
| Now | Then |
| Ago | Before |
| Hence | Thence |
| Thus | So |
| Come | Go |
| Today | That day |
| Tomorrow | The next day |
| Yesterday | The previous day |
| Last night | The previous day |
| Next week | The following week |
চরিত্র পরিবর্তন
1/me/my থাকলে প্রথম চরিত্র হয় এবং You/your থাকলে দৃতীর ছরিত্র হয় ।
Rules of Narration
1. Assertive Sentence থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে said/told হয় এবং (Inverted Comma) কমা তুলে that হয়।
Examples:
He said to me “I have done it”.
He said/told me that he had done it.
2. Optative Sentence থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে wished/ prayed (Inverted Comma) ” কমা তুলে that হয়। May Subject এর পরে বসে might হয়।
Exam: He said “May I live long”.
He wished/prayed that he might live long.
3. Exclamatory Sentence থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে exclaimed with joy/ sorrow হয় এবং (Inverted Comma) ” কমা তুলে that হয়।
Exam: Rakib said “What a boy he is!”.
Rakib exclaimed with joy that he was a great boy.
4. Imperative Sentence থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে told (সবক্ষেত্রে), advised (উপদেশ), requested (অনুরোধ) ordered (আদেশ) হয় এবং (Inverted Comma) ” কমা তুলে to হয়।
Exam: I said, “Do it”.
I ordered/told to do it.
5. Interrogative Sentence থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে asked হয় এবং 5 (Inverted Comma) ” কমা তুলে WH question হয় এবং WH Question না থাকলে if হয় ।
Exam: She said to me “What is he?”.
She asked me what he was.
Direct speech to Indirect Speech
Narration বিপরীত নিয়ম
6. Let us থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে proposed / suggested হয় এবং (Inverted Comma) “” কমা তুলে that হয় এবং let us তুলে they should/ we should হয় ।
Exam: I said “Let us do it”
I proposed/ suggested that we/ they should do it.
7. Don’t/ Do not said এর পরিবর্তে forbade (Inverted Comma) ” কমা তুলে to হয় ।
Exam: You said “Don’t open it”
You forbade to open it Or, you told not to open it.
8. Good by থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে bade হয় ।
Exam: He said “Good bye”.
He bade goodbye.
9. Good Morning, good night, good evening থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে wished হয়।
Exam: He said “Good morning”.
He wished good morning.
10. Let me/ him/her/ them/ you থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে wished এবং (Inverted Comma) ” কমা তুলে that হয় এবং let এর পরের Object কে Subject + might + বাকি অংশ হয়।
Exam: He said “Let him do it”.
He wished that he might do it.
11. Direct Speech এ by Allah/ by Jove/ by God/ by my life ইত্যাদি থাকলে swearing by Allah/ Jove/ God/ my life ইত্যাদি বসে ।
Direct speech to Indirect Speech